1)- STEPHEN HAWKING (1942-2018)
Having an extraordinary mind, Hawking developed revolutionary theories in astrophysics, cosmology, and theoretical physics by studying the universe in many areas from the big bang to black holes. His love and curiosity for astronomy was the greatest source of his research.
2)- CARL SAGAN (1934-1996)
Sagan, who is regarded as the pioneer of astrobiology, is known for his work to make science, space and the universe understood and embraced by the public. Sagan founded the Planetary Society, a nonprofit organization dedicated to advancing space science and exploration.
3)- ALBERT EINSTEIN (1879-1955)
Although Einstein, the leading physicist of the 20th century, did not apply observational astronomy as it is known, he changed astronomy forever with the theory of relativity he worked on.
4)- EDWIN HUBBLE (1889-1953)
He is the Astronomer who proved that the universe is constantly expanding, that stars are moving away, and that there are galaxies different from the Milky Way. Thanks to his contributions to space science, the first large space telescope launched into the depths of space was named after him.
5)- ISAAC NEWTON (1642–1727)
As it is known, Newton is one of the most influential scientists in history, who revealed universal gravity and also the laws of motion.
6)- CHRISTAAN HUYGENS (1629-1695)
He made important astronomical discoveries by developing better telescopes. In 1655, he suggested that a thin, flat ring surrounded Saturn. Also discovered Titan, Saturn’s first moon. He made the first known drawing of the Orion Nebula.
7)- HENRIETTA SWANN LEAVITT (1868–1921)
Her task was to study photographic plates in order to measure and catalog the brightness of the stars. Though not well known during her lifetime, it was first made possible by Leavitt’s discovery that astronauts were able to measure the distance between Earth and distant galaxies.
8)- GIOVANNI CASSINI (1625-1712)
He measured how long it took the planets Jupiter and Mars to orbit. He also discovered the four moons of Saturn and the gap in the rings of the planet. When NASA launched a satellite into orbit of Saturn and its moons in 1997, it was named Cassini.
9)- CHARLES MESSIER (1730-1817)
He created a database of objects then known as “nebulae”; Although additional objects were added to this database according to his personal notes, his final publication included 103 objects. Messier also discovered 13 comets during his lifetime.
10)- JOHANNES KEPLER
Kepler revealed that the planets do not circle perfectly around the Sun, but rather have elliptical orbits while the sun at the center. This insight established the first planetary law, which he published in 1609, with the second law stating that planets do not travel at the same speed along their orbits.
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